Assessment of Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Thrombolytic Potential of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum indicum

Dipongkar Ray  Sobuj; Tamanna  Rashid; Asit Baron  Sarker; Monotosh Kumar Sarkar; Rafiqul  Islam; Rumel Dey; Chandana Rani Mridha; Md Reaz  Uddin; Keerthi  Gazula; Iffat Ara  Zabeen; Salehin  Sheikh

doi:10.71193/jpci.20250014

Authors

Dipongkar Ray Sobuj Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4720-9892
Tamanna Rashid Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6944-6097
Asit Baron Sarker Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7870-8375
Monotosh Kumar Sarkar Chemistry Department, University of Louisiana at Lafayette Author
Rafiqul Islam Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific Author https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3302-944X
Rumel Dey Pharmacy Department, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Bangladesh Author
Chandana Rani Mridha Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh Author
Md Reaz Uddin Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3651-8157
Keerthi Gazula Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA Author https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8379-6522
Iffat Ara Zabeen Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0694-2031
Salehin Sheikh Department of Pharmacy, Gopalganj Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3705-6967

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71193/jpci.20250014

Keywords:

Clerodendrum indicum, Phytochemical screening, Ethanolic extract, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Thrombolytic activity, DPPH assay

Abstract

Clerodendrum indicum is a traditional medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties. Its leaves contain various bioactive compounds that may exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and thrombolytic activities. This study aimed to identify major phytochemicals in C. indicum leaves and evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and thrombolytic effects. Ethanolic leaf extract was screened for phytochemicals using standard tests. Antimicrobial activity was assessed via the disc diffusion method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay. Thrombolytic activity was tested by measuring clot lysis in vitro and comparing it with streptokinase. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, steroids, and gums. The extract showed moderate antibacterial activity, particularly against Salmonella enterica (27 mm at 500 µg/disc) and Streptobacillus moniliformis (24 mm at 500 µg/disc). Antioxidant analysis revealed a dose-dependent scavenging effect with an IC50 of 82 µg/mL. Thrombolytic activity showed 43.87% clot lysis at 20 mg/mL concentration, compared to 69.37% with streptokinase. C. indicum leaves possess promising bioactive properties, supporting their traditional use. The extract demonstrated moderate antimicrobial and thrombolytic effects and notable antioxidant potential. Further studies are needed to isolate specific compounds and understand their mechanisms.

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